The research uncovered a ‘grey-zone’ between the siloed division of humanitarian and development interventions. Rather than repeated, short-term emergency assistance, the protracted nature of needs and displacement in contexts like Somalia, Afghanistan, Cameroon, Libya and Iraq calls for more sustainable interventions towards self-reliance and durable solutions. This raises questions about which actors are best placed to implement such "grey zone" interventions, as well as how those are best financed and coordinated.